暨南大学《CEJ》：可拉伸超疏水激光诱导石墨烯加热器，实现强大的被动防冰和快速主动除冰

成果简介

自然界中的结冰会对人类安全和工业活动造成不利影响。将被动防冰和主动除冰结合到可拉伸电热装置中，为减轻室外设施任意形状表面的结冰提供了一条可持续的途径。然而，现有的带有超疏水涂层或微结构表面的可拉伸焦耳加热器存在加热效率低和机械坚固性差的问题。

本文，暨南大学Xingkuan Chen、安佳宁 研究员、北京航空航天大学黄毅 副教授在《Chemical Engineering Journal》期刊发表名为“Stretchable superhydrophobic laser-induced graphene heaters with high heating rate for robust passive anti-icing and rapid active de-icing”的论文，研究提出了基于聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）粘合多孔激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）的可拉伸、疏冰和快速加热焦耳加热器。在LIG框架中加入准固体PDMS可协同降低表面自由能、增加表面粗糙度并提高优异的拉伸性。因此，LIG/PDMS 具有拉伸憎水性，在 100% 拉伸应变下接触角高达152°，同时还具有奇特的疏冰性，冰粘附强度超低，仅为6.7kPa。

此外，LIG/PDMS还继承了原始 LIG 的优异导电性，可实现高效的电热转换。LIG/PDMS 加热器能以11.48 °C/s 的高加热速率从 -10 ℃ 加热到 144.3 ℃，比功耗低至 0.295 W cm-2，优于以往研究中的其他焦耳加热器。得益于上述优点，水滴在 LIG/PDMS 表面的凝固时间可从-15 °C时的 85 秒延长至 1093 秒。此外，在5V驱动电压下，疏冰 LIG/PDMS 加热器可在 42 秒内快速融化并自发脱落冰块。这项研究为在柔性电子器件中集成强大的防冰和节能除冰功能，以便在恶劣环境中长期运行铺平了道路。

图文导读

图1. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication procedures of the LIG-based stretchable heater possessing a superhydrophobic surface and Joule heating capability. (b-d) SEM images of LIG, LIG/PC-PDMS, and LIG/FC-PDMS. The insets are the cross-sectional SEM images, the scale bars are 10 μm. (e) Raman spectra of LIG, LIG/PC-PDMS, and LIG/FC-PDMS. (f-h) 3D confocal images showing the surface texture and roughness of LIG, LIG/PC-PDMS, and LIG/FC-PDMS. (i) Plot of the sheet resistance of LIG and LIG/PDMS composites. The error bars were obtained by measuring five samples at each condition. The inset SEM image shows the presence of microcracks in LIG/NC-PDMS.

图2. (a) Plot of CA and SA of LIG, LIG/FC-PDMS, and LIG/PC-PDMS. (b) Schematic illustration of the wetting behaviors of droplets on (I) LIG/FC-PDMS and (II) LIG/PC-PDMS surfaces. (c) Dynamic processes showing water droplets impinging different surfaces. The moment the droplet contacted the surface was set as 0 ms. (d) Snapshots of a water droplet moving on the LIG/PC-PDMS surface, retracting to the syringe needle, and rolling off the inclined surface.

图3. (a) Plot of the CA and SA of LIG/PC-PDMS against the tape peeling cycle. (b) Plot of the CA and SA of LIG/PC-PDMS against the abrasion cycle. SEM images of LIG/PC-PDMS (c) before, (d) after 40 cycles, and (e) after 100 cycles of tape peeling test. The yellow dash circles indicate the morphological change induced by tape peeling. SEM images of LIG/PC-PDMS (f) before, (g) after 40 cycles, and (h) after 100 cycles of abrasion test. The yellow dash circles indicate the morphological change induced by abrasion. (i) Optical images showing the wettability of the LIG/PC-PDMS during uniaxial stretching up to 100% tensile strain. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

图4. (a) Cyclic thermal responses of LIG/PC-PDMS heater to different driving voltages. The insets are the corresponding IR images of the heater under different voltages. (b) Transient temperature of the heater under different driving voltages. (c) Plot of the temperature variation as a function of the square of driving voltage. (d) Heating and cooling times of the heater, extracted from the curve under 8 V driving voltage in b. (e) Plots of heating rate and heating time under different driving voltages. (f) Comparison of Joule heating performances. (g) Photographs and corresponding IR images of a heater under uniaxial stretching and bending deformations. The scale bars are 1 cm. (h) Plots of the steady-state temperature as a function of tensile strain and bending radius. (i) Photographs and corresponding IR images of a heater attached on human wrist and elbow under relaxed and bending states. The scale bars are 1 cm. (j) IR image of a 3×3heater array under a driving voltage of 4 V. The scale bar is 5 mm.

图5. (a) Schematic diagram showing the setup for measuring the shear and tensile ice adhesion strengths. (b) Comparison of shear and tensile ice adhesion strengths for the four types of surfaces. The error bars were acquired by testing three samples for each type of surface. (c) Variations of shear and tensile ice adhesion strength in cyclic icing/de-icing test. (d) The freezing process of water droplets on different surfaces. (e) The plot of freezing time for different films. The error bars were obtained by measuring the freezing time of three samples for each type of surface. (f) Schematic diagram showing the active de-icing behavior of the LIG/PC-PDMS heater. (g) Optical and IR images showing the electrothermal de-icing by LIG/PC-PDMS and LIG/FC-PDMS heaters.

小结

总之，通过飞秒激光图案化和后续转移工艺，我们轻松地制造出了可拉伸的超疏水快热焦耳加热器。在导电 LIG 框架中加入准固体 PDMS 可协同降低表面自由能、增加表面粗糙度、提高高拉伸性、改善机械完整性并保持优异的导电性。结果表明，LIG/PDMS焦耳加热器不仅具有极强的拒水拒冰能力和超低的冰粘附强度，而且在高加热速率、高稳态温度和低比功耗方面表现出奇特的加热性能。利用上述优点，水滴和大气冻结被显著抑制，而除冰则得到有效促进。此外，只需一步调整激光加工参数，就能实现由温度可独立调节的加热单元组成的超疏水加热器阵列，有望在实际应用中实现可控的防冰和除冰。

文献：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.160424